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• 17 February

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The Rules Of Ramadan

Find out about the rules for the holy month of Ramadan

Ramadan is the holiest month in the Islamic calendar, and it is expected that all able Muslims observe the Sawm (fast). There are several rules surrounding Ramadan, and we’re going to explain them here for those who do not have readily available access to Muslim community leaders to guide them through the holy month.

What is Ramadan, and what are the rules of Ramadan?

Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic Hijri calendar, observed by Muslims worldwide as a holy period of fasting, prayer, and reflection. It marks the time when the Quran was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as guidance for mankind.

Muslims, who are physically able, observe Ramadan by fasting from dawn (Fajr) to sunset (Maghrib), abstaining from food, drink, and other physical needs. The focus during this month is on spiritual growth, self-discipline, and devotion to Allah. It is also one of the Five Pillars of Islam, making it a key practice for Muslims who seek to strengthen their faith and develop empathy for those in need.

The rules about Ramadan dictate that Muslims must refrain not only from eating and drinking but also from sinful behaviours such as gossip, lying, or anger. Observers are encouraged to spend more time in prayer, reciting the Quran, and giving to charity.

Ramadan Eating Rules

During Ramadan, the rules of fasting from dawn to sunset require Muslims to abstain from eating and drinking as an act of worship and self-restraint. The purpose goes beyond physical deprivation; it is a time for spiritual cleansing, reflection, and growth. Muslims are encouraged to focus on their relationship with God, practice gratitude, and be mindful of those who are less fortunate. Rather than complaining about hunger, fasting teaches empathy for the poor and fosters a sense of community, reminding everyone of the blessings they have and the importance of charity and compassion.

Fasting (Sawm): During Ramadan, Muslims fast from dawn (Fajr) until sunset (Maghrib). This means no eating, drinking, or engaging in other activities that might invalidate the fast (like smoking) during daylight hours.

Pre-dawn meal (Suhoor): Before the fast begins at dawn, Muslims eat a pre-dawn meal called Suhoor. It is recommended to have a nutritious, filling meal that provides sustained energy throughout the day.

Breaking the fast (Iftar): At sunset, Muslims break their fast with a meal called Iftar. It typically starts with eating dates and drinking water, as recommended by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). This is followed by a larger meal, often including soups, salads, and main dishes.

Balanced eating: During Ramadan, it’s important to eat healthy and balanced meals at Suhoor and Iftar to maintain energy and hydration. Overeating should be avoided, and nutritious foods like fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains are encouraged.

Hydration: It’s crucial to drink plenty of water between Iftar and Suhoor to stay hydrated, especially during hot weather or long fasting hours.

Are there other Ramadan Rules?

During the holy month, there are several other things Muslims must refrain from. So, aside from fasting, what can’t you do during Ramadan? All impure activities and thoughts must not be entertained, meaning swearing, arguing, gossiping, smoking, sexual relations and fighting are not permitted.

Ramadan Fasting Rules

Of all the Ramadan rules, fasting is the most complex, as there are specific methods and processes that must be observed. The first thing to understand is who can fast because not all Muslims are obliged to fast due to several reasons, including health issues. All post-pubescent (adult) Muslims must fast unless they are exempt. Those who are exempt are as follows:

  • Children who have not yet gone through puberty
  • Those who are sick or receiving medical treatment
  • Elderly Muslims who are frail
  • People who are travelling
  • Pregnant, breastfeeding, and menstruating women

If you fit into one of the above categories, then Ramadan fasting rules exempt you from partaking in the Sawm.

For those who are partaking, the Ramadan fasting rules are as follows:

Between sunset and sunrise, you are permitted to eat and drink. There are two main meals during this period of time, the first of which is Suhoor which is the meal before sunrise. Some Muslims choose to eat dinner-like foods for this meal, whilst others stick to more breakfast types of foods. The meal after sunset is called Iftar, and it is traditional that this meal is preceded with dates and water/milk.

During both Suhoor and Iftar, it is recommended that Muslims eat balanced, high fibre meals packed with fruits, vegetables and plenty of water for hydration.

What Happens if You Miss a Fast?

There are penalties for missing fasts during Ramadan, but the penalty you incur will depend on your circumstances. If you fall into one of the exempt groups, instead of fasting, you must pay Fidya. This is a charitable donation that is used to pay for two meals for one person every day of Ramadan (30 days). The rates of Fidya can change year on year, but it is typically less than £5 per day. Whatever the daily rate of Fidya is, you must pay 30x that amount instead of fasting. For example, if you are sick and cannot fast as per medical advice, and the Fidya amount is £5 per day, you must pay £150. If a person becomes poorly and unable to continue their fast, they must pay Fidya.

Donate your Fidya

If you are deemed fit and eligible to fast (you are not listed as exempt) but you intentionally break your Ramadan fast without good reason, you must pay Kaffarah or fast for an additional 60 days. The rate of Kaffarah is the same rate as Fidya, but the penalty is doubled. For example, if you are perfectly fit and healthy but choose to eat during daylight hours without a valid reason, you can choose to either fast for an additional 60 days, or you can choose to pay Kaffarah. If Fidya is set at £5 per day, the amount of Kaffarah you must pay is £300, which will be used to pay for one person to eat two meals for 60 days.

Donate your Kaffarah

The End of Ramadan

After 30 days, Ramadan will draw to a close. The end of Ramadan is celebrated with a three-day celebration called Eid al-Fitr. According to the rules of Ramadan, it is not permitted to fast during this time as this is a time for feasting, being with friends and family and praying.

Typically, Muslims will buy new clothes for the occasion or wear their best clothes. Gifts are exchanged, and Fitrana donations are made. Fitrana, also known as Zakat ul-Fitr, is a compulsory donation that is made so that those less fortunate can enjoy a nourishing meal and join in the festivities at the end of Ramadan. The rate of Fitrana may change year on year, but it is generally below £5. Every Muslim is required to pay Fitrana, and if a dependent cannot pay, the head of the household must pay on their behalf.

Give an Eid Gift

Ramadan rules state that Fitrana donations must be paid before the Eid prayers at the end of Ramadan. Lots of Muslims choose to pay Fitrana on the Night of Power, also called Laylat al-Qadar, because it is believed that the rewards for donating at this time are greater than those of a thousand months. This is based on the notion that this particular night (which falls in the last 10 days of Ramadan) was exactly when the Qur’an was revealed to the Prophet (PBUH).

Pay your Fitrana

Ramadan Dates

Although Ramadan is expected to begin around 28th February 2025, Ramadan’s start date varies each year as it’s determined by the sighting of the new crescent moon in the ninth lunar month, shifting by about 10 days annually. Some Muslims use solar calculations, while others wait for the moon to be sighted over Mecca or their local area. The method of determining the start of Ramadan depends on individual preference and the school of thought followed.

Find Out More About the Ramadan Fasting Rules

If you would like to find out more about Ramadan, the rules of Ramadan, or to make a charitable donation, please contact us.